Showing posts with label investment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label investment. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 9, 2011

Property Investing in Panama


View a database of carefully selected investment property in Panama


SUMMARY : Panama City is one of the world's least expensive first-world cities. It is also among the most modern and prosperous cities in Latin America with over 3 million people. The city's array of tall skyscrapers is reminiscent of Miami. It boasts incredible shopping where almost any product from the U.S. may be easily found. During the past several years Panama has been consistently rated in the top ten for the best retirement locations worldwide. A welcoming community, safe environment, low crime statistics, excellent incentives for retirees, together with the natural beauty and ethnic diversity that is Panama, all appeal to the increasing number of baby boomers from North America and Europe who are looking for a different option for retirement.

Currency: (USD) Dollar

US Dollar: A global benchmark currency. Little or no exchange rate parity fluctuation against Middle East currencies. The cost of living is significantly lower than that of Western Europe.

Economic climate: The trend towards an open economy and possible trade pacts with such nations as the U.S. and Mexico are conducive to investment in Panama. There are also no government expropriation or interference as in many Latin American countries. A business-oriented government encourages foreign investment. A government that realizes the value of private business to a developing country backs all investment. In 1946 Panama's business-oriented mentality led to the creation of the Colon Duty Free Zone, considered to be the second largest free trade center in the world, after Hong Kong. In addition, the Panamanian government offers foreigners who invest in Panama many attractive incentives such as legal residency and tax privileges.

Capital Gains tax: Since the enactment of Law 8 of 1956, successive legislation has been passed offering tax benefits to developers. It has been widely accepted that, as a result of these incentives purchasers of real property have also benefitted. This tax is applicable if there is a capital gain. This tax is also regulated by Article 701 and applied at a flat 10% rate, whether a corporation or an individual is acting as a seller, on the gain resulting from the price of the sale minus the price of the acquisition by seller, as well as registration, notary and real estate agent expenses. If there is no capital gain on the transfer of a property, the 2% transfer tax, is also paid in advance for the sale, levied on the difference between the price of the sale or an appraised value increased at a 5% yearly rate (whichever is higher) and the price of acquisition by the seller.

Popular investment areas: Panama City has become a cosmopolitan modern metropolis - there are many raise buildings overlooking the ocean and the Bay of Panama. Exclusive residential areas like Marbella, Paitilla, Coco del Mar, Punta Pacifica and San Francisco offer a good range of apartments and condominiums for sale. Suburban residential areas in the former Canal Zone like Amador Heights, Balboa, Albrook and Clayton offer large and attractive single-family homes and condominiums. Casco Viejo -- the oldest city on the Pacific Coast of the Americas -- has become a desirable place for real estate investment, encouraged by the Panamanian government Casco Viejo investment incentives for the restoration of the historic Casco Viejo district. Outside Panama City, there are beautiful real estate properties located in popular destinations including, Chiriqui, El Valle, and Altos de Maria. Known mostly for their cooler climates, incredible flora and quiet peaceful atmosphere, real estate in the highlands of Panama are ideal for those interested in retiring abroad. Bocas del Toro is another popular destination for Panama real estate. Most known for its crystal clear waters, rich Antillean culture, unique over-the-water architecture and laidback tropical atmosphere. In recent times, Bocas del Toro has become a booming center for European and American Expats, as well as an impressive number of tourists. Several of these destinations are also considered Tourism Development Zones, where additional tax benefits are granted to investors in hotel projects. Real Estate Values in Panama and primarily in these Pacific Coast Beach areas has been appreciating very steadily, and as interest and growth increases so to do the real estate values.

Price ranges: The Panamanian government incentives for the restoration of the historic Casco Viejo district encourage investment here, this area reminiscent of New Orleans or SoHo years ago abounds with shells of graceful buildings that are crying out for renovation. Outside of Panama City excellent real estate properties are available for developers and individuals. The more remote the location the more reasonable the cost but be aware that you may be far from utilities or roads. The real estate in Bocas del Toro offers beautiful Caribbean beach property. Here palm-fringed golden sands surround the islands and turquoise waters where the rain forest meets the ocean. Here families shop by boat, enjoy water sports and the natural beauty of this wonderful location - better yet it is still affordable.

Budgetary guide: Prices per square meter in Panama vary according to the location (city, mountain, beach). In the city, you may find prices starting 1000$ per square meter in a new condominium. In the mountain, the price may drop down to 20$...yes this is not typo however in those cases you might want to research the access possibilities to this property. Many areas in the mountains have no road of access and local transportation might not be available. In the beach, prices depend on the zone. An hour away from the capital prices start at 600$ per square meter depending on the quality of the beach and neighborhood.

Service Fees: Fees charged by the Public Notary and the Public Registry which total in the range of $200 to $300 for registering a buy/sell contract for the sale of real estate in Panama.The closing costs vary depending on the particular transaction. For example, if the property is held in the sellers personal name, and the buyer is transferring the property title to a Panamanian corporation (most recommended), then the closing costs would include; (1) the legal property transaction fee of US$1200 (includes; title search, buy/sell contract, closing, & property title transfer service), (2) public registry title transfer fees of approx. US$2.50 per every US$1,000 of the sales price and – if applicable - the mortgage amount, (3) escrow fees from 0.5% to 1% of the transaction amount (vary depending on amount of transaction), and (4) incorporation fee of US$1000 to setup the Panama corporation. However, if the property is held by a Panama corporation already, and the buyer is purchasing the shares of the corporation, then the transaction is relatively simple because there is no registration of title transfer, meaning that there is no title transfer tax, and no public registry title transfer fees. In this case, the closing costs would include; (1) the legal property transaction fee (includes; title search, review of tax liabilities, purchase of shares contract, and closing for US$800), (2) change of directors / resident agent of the corporation (approx. $350), and (3) escrow fees from 0.5% to 1% of the transaction amount (vary depending on amount of transaction).The notary and public registry costs total up to approximately $200 to $300 depending on the particular transaction. Title transfer taxes are by law paid by the seller. Escrow fees (if an escrow company is used), are normally paid by the buyer, and range from one half of one percent (0.5%) up to one percent (1%) of the transaction.

Mortgages: Between 60% - 70% of the purchase price or appraised market value, whichever is the lesser. Interest Rate from 5.5% to 6.5%, plus FECI tax of 1% per year.



For more information go to:
www.slampanama.com
www.pensionadovisa.com
www.strategicpointconsulting.com

Tuesday, June 1, 2010

投資簽證新條例

投資簽證新條例
初到巴拿馬的人大多數都渴望取得永久居留, 漸
而入籍。 根據2008年第三條法令, 被喩為永久居民
的人是透過經濟和投資動機、特殊政策、人口統計
分佈和其他附屬類而入境巴拿馬, 及按國家採納之
特殊政策而有意願於本國安居置業的外國人。
在取得永久居留權之前必須先申請為期兩年的臨
時居留。臨時或永久居留都必須通過律師來申請。
根據簽證或許可證所擬定的條件, 申請書應包含以
下文件:
1. 經巴拿馬裔公証員鑑證過的護照影印本。
2. 附有批語或經鑑實過在原籍國家或居住
國家無犯罪紀錄之證明書, 又或者由申請
人之原籍國家駐巴拿馬大使館發出無犯
罪紀錄證明書. 此證明書需附加經公證過
的個人申誓表 (declaración jurada) 。
3. 由巴拿馬裔醫生核發之衛生證書, 證書必
須於遞交申請表前三個月有效。
4. 於國家財政局繳付$250元之移民費權利
申請, 另外須於國家移民事務局繳付$800
元作為遣返回國費用之保證金。
5. 個人申誓表 (declaración jurada), 可於
http://www.migracion.gob.pa 的網址內
下載。
移民事務局必須在六十天之內給予臨時居留或永
久居留申請者一個答覆。 如移民事務局發現申請人
所遞交之文件不全或有錯誤之處, 從通知的那一刻
算起, 給予申請人十五個工作日讓其補件和改正。從
2009年起, 若移民事務局於六十天的期限內未能給
申請人一個答覆, 將理解為申請人已通過審核。
資本投資者簽證類別
自本文截稿為止, 尚在修定最底投資金額法條。
根據法案, 將核發以下的永久居留簽証或經濟簽
証:
❖❖ 資本投資者許可證
❖❖ 個人財務許可證
❖❖ 領養老金者或退休者許可證
❖❖ 已退休之領年金者許可證
所謂投資者是那些應用外來個人資金投資的人
士, 除了被法律限制只有國民可從事之活動的例子
以外, 外來資金投資者可投資於生態、商業、工廠等
活動,或者投資於巴拿馬註冊之公司。 投資許可證
可於下列附屬類目取得:
❖❖ 以造林投資資格獲取許可證: 投資八萬元
於重新造林活動, 種植由國家環保局批核之森
林種類。
❖❖ 以開設大規模公司的資格獲取許可證: 投
資十六萬元只能獲許一個移民申請為自然人或
法人(每家公司只許有一個申請者), 如企圖違
法或侵法將導致被拒絕申請或者遣返回國之
後果。 同時必須遞交有關文件和收入或申請
者之外匯資金的銀行報表, 以及直接投資和必
須支付之最低社會資金來向移民局證明資金來
源。申請這種許可證的外國人必須是最低股份
投資顯示的唯一持有者。
公司可以是工廠或批發性質的又或者是
服務性質的, 只能是 “A”或工廠類別, 不是
“B” 零售業的就可。 同時必須達到以下要
求:
1. 至少雇用五個巴拿馬裔的全職員工, 薪水不
能底於法定數目. 書寫清楚每位職員的工作
崗位以及職責。
2. 按法申報繳納職員的社會保險金 (長生會)。
其他經濟動機簽證
❖❖ 以個人財政資格獲許可證: 這是為那些有
足夠的錢財來支付於巴拿馬停留時間之費用的
移民和其家人而核發。 為此, 必須證明有開至
少三年不動, 且有存額三十萬元的巴拿馬銀行
定存帳戶, 又或者證明有三十萬元的不動產, 也
可以證明前兩者加起來的總額有三十萬元。
❖❖ 以領養老金者或退休者資格獲許可證: 這
是為那些一個月最少可以領取一千元退休金的
退休人仕而核發。
❖❖ 以退休領息者(食利者)資格獲許可證:這是
為了那些入境巴拿馬而又已經從活躍生活退出
來的人士而核發。 該人士必須證明每月至少有
兩千元入息收入, 此收入的來源必須是因為在
巴拿馬國家銀行開了五年定期存款而獲得的純
粹月息。
特殊政治簽證
❖❖ 投資者也可通過於特殊法律保護地區之內
投資而獲取永久居留簽證。
❖❖ 於巴拿馬-太平洋特別經濟地區投資二十五
萬元開設公司的移民者可獲許可證。.
❖❖ 於出口加工區投資二十五萬元開設促銷廠或
工廠, 或者在其地區開設其他性質的公司之移
民可獲許可證。
❖❖ 投資客戶服務中心之移民可獲許可證。
❖❖ 投資十五萬於電影業之移民可獲許可證。
值得慎重強調的是有關的最底投資金額隨時
都有變動或上漲的可能性。
儘管這些簽證種類要求補充手續以及公司文
件必須遞交齊全, 然而這卻代表著一個更加安穩
的機會使新移民取得永久居留。
本文作者Álvaro Aguilar Alfú是中巴職業
協會會長及Lombardi Aguilar Group法律
事務所合夥人兼律師。 www.laglex.com
作者是 Alvaro Agular Alfu, 是Lombardi
Aguilar Group 法律事務所合夥人兼律
www.laglex.com

Alvaro Aguilar Alfú, Presidente de
la Asociación de Profesionales Chino
Panameño (APROCHIPA),
y abogado socio de la firma
Lombardi Aguilar Group
www.laglex.com

http://www.dbcstudio.com/pdf/oct-dic08web.pdf

Tuesday, December 22, 2009

Panama bank offers gold for sale to the public


Panama: Credicorp Bank Now Offers Precious Metals

Source: Prensa.com
Thursday, December 3, 2009
The bank will offer its investment clients gold and silver bars and coins.
The product was born as a request from the customers, who demanded investment alternatives, specially in gold, a commodity whose price has grown around 60% in the last 12 months.

"Called 'precious metals' the product comprises the sale of gold and silver bars and coins, refined exclusively for Credicorp Bank (BVP: CRED) and certified by Swiss company Argor-Heraeus", reported Prensa.com.

According to the newspaper, Credicorp is the first entity offering this product in Panama.

Saturday, November 14, 2009

Singapore aerospace companies reach Americas through Panama

.
Published October 29, 2009

SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL
Copa's vote of confidence in ST Aerospace

By CHUANG PECK MING

WHEN ST Aerospace set up a maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) service shop for aircraft in Panama in 2006, one of its first customers was Copa Airlines.

Photo - Key location: ST Aerospace set up a facility in Panama as it reckons that it is the perfect place to do business because it is between North and South America

Recently, Copa not only renewed its maintenance service agreement with Panama Aerospace Engineering, ST Aerospace's Panama facility, but extended the agreement beyond its B737 planes to its E-190s.

Obviously, ST Aerospace has a satisfied customer in Copa. The Singapore-based company, which is recognised as the world's largest aircraft MRO service provider, takes it as 'a testament to our high quality and reliable service'.

Copa's gesture augurs well for ST Aerospace, which set up the Panama facility to provide a strong and competitive MRO base to serve the Americas - 'supporting the maintenance needs of customers operating in Central, North and South America', says ST Aerospace president Tay Kok Khiang.

The facility is intended to boost ST Aerospace's capabilities and complements its operations in the US, which remains a key market because it is home to almost half of the world's commercial airliners.

To have customers like Copa coming back - and for more - puts ST Aerospace in a strong position to win more customers in a fast-growing market for aviation services.

In fact, the company has seen its customer base in Panama expand to include clients such as AerCap, AWAS, GECAS, Sundowner Aviation and Transaero Airlines among others.

'This demonstrates our growing success and customers' growing confidence,' says Mr Tay.

ST Aerospace initially faced a shortage of trained aviation mechanics in Panama. But it anticipated this problem. So as it built up the Panama facility, it also started a significant training programme for the locals.

It also deployed some of its expertise from the US and Singapore to help get operations in Panama off the ground.

'Today, the training programme is going well as we have well-educated and enthusiastic employees,' Mr Tay says. 'With our established systems and processes in place within our global network, we were able to share our knowledge to facilitate the start-up process.'

The Panama facility is now performing well, he says. 'It has consistently re-delivered aircraft on time and with quality to customers, and has steadily built a strong track record for the maintenance of narrow-body aircraft, with more than 60 re-delivered to date.'

ST Aerospace reckons that Panama is the perfect place to do business because it is between North and South America.

'It is recognised as an important transport and shipping hub, and we feel it is an ideal location for MRO,' says Mr Tay. 'It is also close to the US, where we have a good client base, and has a good infrastructure.'

The aviation market in Latin America is projected to expand at a rate second only to Asia, mainly in narrow-body aircraft.

'Therefore we expect to continue growing our Latin American customer base,' Mr Tay says. 'As the aviation business recovers and carriers start to build up capacity, and due to competitive advantages that Latin American MROs have, Latin America will be an attractive outsourcing option for US carriers.'

Full text in http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/mnt/html/btpre/registration/redirect.jsp?dlink=/sub/specialfocus/story/0,4574,356733,00.html? .


Special Focus
Published October 29, 2009

SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL
Aviation prospects in Mexico, Brazil, Panama, Argentina: IES

AVIATION opportunities in selected countries seen through the eyes of International Enterprise (IE) Singapore.
...

Panama: The next 40 years will see the former Howard Military Base transformed into a mixed-use community called Panama Pacifico. The $705 million project includes an airport and logistics hub.

Signalling Panama's commitment to develop the aviation sector at Panama Pacifico, Law 41 offers tax benefits for providers of aviation industry services and aviation maintenance, repair and operations (MRO) services. Aerospace Engineering, an offshoot of Singapore-based ST Aerospace, already has a footprint at Panama Pacifico.
...
Full text in http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/mnt/html/btpre/registration/redirect.jsp?dlink=/sub/specialfocus/story/0,4574,356731,00.html ?

SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL
The Latin American route

The aviation opportunities Latin America has to offer extend beyond air cargo, reports CHUANG PECK MING

SINGAPORE Airlines Cargo launched flights to several Latin American cities in February this year because it wanted to fly flowers from Ecuador and Colombia to the rest of the world.

Oh, and it was also eyeing a cut of the business of shipping Brazil's electronics exports.

At the moment, the continuing global slump in electronics has kept exports down. But worldwide demand for freshly cut flowers is in bloom again.
...


'As the world economy picks up, so will air cargo movements in and out of Latin America to various parts of the world,' says Angeline Chan, head of the transport and logisticis division at International Enterprise (IE) Singapore.

Due to the vast size of countries in Latin America, air transport is a vital link, she says. 'There is a need for an efficient and well-connected civil aviation system to link the sparsely inhabited areas with major economic centres. And aviation infrastructure is also necessary infrastructure to support trade in and out of the region.'

Air-services agreements that allow civil aviation between countries, and the physical connectivity of airlines, are essential for cargo traffic, Ms Chan says. So it's good for Singapore air-cargo service providers that Singapore has just signed new air services agreements with several Latin American states.

By end-2008, Singapore had air service agreements with Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Panama in Latin America. Since 2009, Ms Chan says IE Singapore, which is pushing Singapore companies to go global, has been helping the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore build a network of air services agreements to link Singapore with major air cargo and passenger routes in Latin America.

For more information about IESingapore, please contact
Ms Jocelyn Cai
International Enterprise Singapore
+ 65 6433 4583 tel+ 65 6337 6898 fax

Friday, November 13, 2009

Singapore: Latin America's Asian Partner



Panama has a Free Trade Agreement with Singapore and this year will be participating in the Latin Asia Business Forum http://www.latinasiabiz.com/ starting November 12. The conference coincides with the Asia Pacific Economic Conference APEC http://www.apec2009.sg/ which is attended by Mexico, Peru and Chile as Latin American countries.

Singapore companies doing business in Panama include ST Aerospace (Panama Aerospace Engineering) at former Howard AFB, CrimsonLogic at City of Knowledge and soon PSA at the future Farfan port.




Monday, September 17, 2007
Singapore: Latin America's Asian Partner
[]
Latin America is becoming more important for Singapore. Latin American companies can use Singapore as a bridge to China and India.

BY SATVINDER SINGH

Latin America is an increasingly important market for Singaporean companies. At the same time, we are beginning to feel more of Latin America's presence and interests in Asia. (..)

The only other combined market that outpaces this growth is Australia and the Middle East, but their base is too small for real comparison. Singapore's trade with Latin America has also been increasing. Between 2004 and 2006, total trade involving Singapore and Latin America grew at an average of 29.1 percent per year to $7.8 billion. However, this constitutes only 1.46 percent of Singapore's total trade.

In terms of investments, it is lesser known fact how much a small nation like Singapore invests in Latin America and the Caribbean. We have invested about $28 billion, albeit much of it directed towards tax havens such as British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands and Bermuda. Nevertheless, Singaporean companies have made significant, direct long-term investments in the region. At the end of 2004, Singapore's stock of investments in Brazil ($129 million) and Mexico ($556 million) made us Asia's second largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in each of those countries. Only Japan surpassed us.

What is more significant is the fact that our companies are not investing in resource assets. Instead, Singaporean companies are investing in high employment-generating sectors. Our footprint in the region numbers more than 60 companies in 21 countries throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said of Latin American companies in Asia.

In a survey conducted by International Enterprise (IE) Singapore last year, we found that companies generally venture into Latin America due to demand for their products and services. More encouragingly, 85 percent of respondents reported that investments have been profitable. Reflecting confidence in business opportunities, more than half (53 percent) of survey respondents expressed an intention to further expand Latin American operations. If we had done a similar survey looking at Singaporean companies doing business in China and India, I do not think we would have found a similar level of profitability.

Today, China and India account for 37 percent of the world's population and constitute 18 percent of the global economy. We can only expect these figures to grow in the foreseeable future, given both real gross domestic product (GDP) growth and the level of private consumption in Asia. It is becoming apparent why most Boards of Directors of Asian and Latin American companies are forcing their business development teams to come up with an Asian strategy.

Two or three years ago, in my position at International Enterprise Singapore­a government agency responsible for helping Singapore-based companies to internationalize operations and foster the development of Singapore as a thriving global trading hub­there was a little procrastination when I wanted to meet Latin American multinational corporation executives. Today it is different; they want to meet and see how we can help with their Asian strategy.


SINGAPORE AND CHINA

The sheer size and strength of China's economy poses both challenges and opportunities. Singapore's strategy has been to identify niches and complementary areas where we can add value rather than directly compete.

In 2006, Singapore's trade with China stood at $55 billion, an increase of 27 percent over the previous year, making it Singapore's fourth largest trading partner. Since 1997, China has also been the number one investment destination for Singaporean companies. Singapore is China's seventh largest investor, having accumulatively invested more than $15 billion.

Singapore's relationship with China is marked by a very significant role that we played in the early stage of its open door policy. In the late 1980s, our ex-Deputy Prime Minister Mr Goh Keng Swee acted as an economic advisor to Shenzhe­China's first special economic zone.

In 1994, the two countries strengthened their relationship by jointly embarking on a large-scale township development project­the Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP). Today, the SIP is a well-managed and integrated township of over 70 square kilometers with excellent infrastructure and a high-quality environment, accommodating 80,000 residents. It has attracted $16 billion in investment, and since inception, its GDP has grown at an average of 45 percent per year.

However, the picture was not always rosy. We did go through our learning curve. We learned that it was not enough to just cultivate relationships at the central government level. From the SIP project, it became clear that relationships should be built at the provincial and municipal levels. It seems obvious today, but in 1990s it was not so apparent.

To ensure these strong relationships continue, we have since adopted several approaches. First, we are using political platforms to strengthen relationships. We have established several G-G level platforms. At the central government level, we have the Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation chaired by the Deputy Prime Ministers from both countries. Also, we have developed provincial-level Business Councils to raise awareness about business opportunities and to facilitate Singaporean companies' commercial interests in certain provinces. These Councils allow stronger relationships to be built between the political leadership and also provide avenues for co-investment and dispute resolution.

We are also helping Singapore-based companies internationalize in China. IE Singapore has set- up offices in nine locations in China to provide on-the-ground support for our businesses. Importantly, we have chosen to be selective in our approach and focused on a few key sectors where Singapore companies have solid track records and international reputation (e.g. environmental engineering, water and waste water treatment, healthcare management, education services, infrastructure, and industrial park development).

To attract Chinese investment, Singapore is positioning itself as a gateway to the global economy. Our wide network of free-tade agreements (FTAs), excellent logistics and communications network, and similar language and cultural background make Singapore a natural choice. To date, over 2,300 Chinese companies have established operations in Singapore. Of them, 116 companies have also chosen to list in Singapore to capitalize on our corporate governance standards and capital market depth.



SINGAPORE AND INDIA

Bilateral trade between India and Singapore has grown to record levels, reaching $13 billion in 2006, an over 20 percent increase from 2005. Singapore investments in India have also grown. We are India's seventh largest inward investor country with cumulative investments worth $1.6 billion. In 2006, Singapore was India's second largest investor.

How have we strengthened our engagement with India? In the last three years, Singapore secured a solid FTA with India. The Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) is providing the framework for a more attractive business environment. The Indian government has also recently decided to set up special economic zones (SEZs) to provide a catalyst for the growth of manufacturing and export sectors. Singapore and India have agreed to jointly set up an SEZ in India, and both sides are working to implement it.

In return, Indian companies have also found Singapore to be a logical springboard to other markets. The more than 2,000 Indian companies in Singapore are using our infrastructure and services to do business globally.

If you are wondering why this is happening, I will let you in on the best kept secret in the business world: the Singapore government has been actively supporting and investing in the export growth of foreign companies based in Singapore that are doing business in Asia and beyond. We provide incentives and grants for business development being coordinated from Singapore for the rest of the world. Shouldn't Latin American companies wanting to grow in Asia also join the club?

Satvinder Singh is the Americas Regional Director at International Enterprise Singapore. This column is based on a Viewpoints Americas from the Americas Society and the Council of the Americas.

Full text in http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=1640

Thursday, April 9, 2009

Panama Opens Doors to Economic Growth

Panama Opens Doors to Economic Growth

Bobbin , July, 1999 by Jordan Kalman

Panama -- which in its native Indian language means "abundance of butterflies" -- historically has brought to mind the country's famous hats, bananas and world renown canal. Today, however, many businesspeople have left behind this vision and replaced it with one of an $8.9-billion economy gearing up for serious growth across its manufacturing, financial, service and tourism sectors, to name just a few. Panama is encouraging the U.S. sewn products industry to play a role in this growth.

According to J. Enrique Tellez, senior commercial specialist for the U.S. Embassy in Panama, the country is on track "to establish a basis for sustained economic growth." With a newly established constitutional democracy in place, the country has achieved monetary stability based on the U.S. dollar, put in place trade liberalization and structural reforms and is working to create conditions attractive to foreign investment, he noted at a recent conference titled "Doing Business in Central America & the Caribbean Basin."

Along with a gathering of business executives, Bobbin was on hand at the Charlotte, NC, event, at which Tellez stressed the many opportunities for U.S. apparel and textile manufacturers to take advantage of Panama's growth and development. For example, the United States already is by far Panama's main trading partner, with imports from the United States (not including the Colon Free Trade Zone) totaling $1.7 billion in 1998, or 46 percent of Panama's total imports of $3.1 billion. Panama's exports to the United States last year (with the exception of Colon) were $377 million out of total exports of $679 million, $11.1 million of which were textiles and apparel bound for the U.S. market.

Full text in http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3638/is_11_40/ai_59495614

Tuesday, April 7, 2009

Clinton invested in Cayman tax haven companies

Even tax havens get "two for the price of one"...
On a more serious note, the article quotes several experts explaining the futility of pretending to save on U.S. taxes by investing offshore.

.





Clinton's Burkle Ties Include Funds in Cayman Islands
(Update1)


By Timothy J. Burger and Ryan J. Donmoyer
Dec. 17 (Bloomberg) -- Former President Bill Clinton's decision to reconsider a business relationship with California billionaire Ron Burkle reflects concern those financial dealings may embarrass his wife's presidential candidacy.
Securities and Exchange Commission documents and financial- disclosure forms filed by Hillary Clinton show that Bill Clinton, 61, has a financial stake in three investment entities registered in the Cayman Islands by Burkle's Yucaipa Cos. LLC.
In 2004, Hillary Clinton, a New York senator, said she wanted to close the ``loopholes'' for ``people who create a mailbox, or a drop, or send one person to sit on the beach in some island paradise and claim that it is their offshore headquarters.''

The former president's possible decision to move away from Burkle ``is all tied up with the laws of appearance and the politics of perception,'' said Linda Fowler, professor of government at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. ``The world being what it is, people are attracted to the spouse of somebody with political power. The level of potential conflict is just that much higher with a former president and a senator who would be president.''
Moreover, added Fowler, ``with this particular couple, somehow, the whole story doesn't come out except in dribs and drabs.''
Bloomberg News last month submitted a list of questions to the Clinton campaign regarding the former president's involvement in the three Caymans-based funds. The campaign didn't respond to the queries until Dec. 13, after the New York Times reported that Clinton plans to dissolve his five-year partnership with Burkle, a longtime friend and important fund-raiser for both Clintons.
`An Appropriate Transition'
Jay Carson, a Clinton spokesman, said that while the former president hasn't ``severed ties'' with Yucaipa, he ``is taking steps to ensure'' that ``there will be an appropriate transition for those relationships'' if his wife receives the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination.
Carson, in an e-mail, said the funds are designed for foreign investors. ``All three of these entities (which are related) are organized in the Cayman Islands so that each investor or partner pays the taxes they would owe in their home country,'' he said. ``For U.S. citizens like Bill Clinton, that means he pays U.S. taxes on his income from this fund, which he does.''
Disclosures
The disclosures that Hillary Clinton, 60, is required to make as a lawmaker and candidate show that her husband has holdings in three Burkle-controlled funds -- YGOF GP Ltd., Yucaipa Global Holdings and Yucaipa Global Partnership Fund LP -- all listed at Yucaipa's Los Angeles address. An October filing with the SEC by Burkle, Yucaipa's lead partner, names YGOF as a Cayman Islands corporation and the latter two as Cayman Islands partnerships.
The amounts disclosed by Hillary Clinton are minimal, though a person familiar with the matter confirmed a report last year in The New York Times that Bill Clinton stands to make tens of millions of dollars with little risk if the Yucaipa funds he is involved in profit beyond a certain level.
Forbes Magazine listed Burkle, 55, as the 91st richest American this year, with a net worth of $3.5 billion.
`More Attractive'
Paul Roth, an attorney with Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP in New York, said companies that organize outside the U.S. often do so because ``it's more attractive'' to foreign investors, who can ``make sure they're not subject to U.S. taxation.'' Foreign registration may also make it easier for U.S. tax-exempt entities such as pension funds to invest ``in certain strategies,'' he said.
These tax benefits -- which are legal and common practice for many investment firms, particularly hedge funds -- have drawn attention from lawmakers and candidates.
In a Dec. 13 debate, Hillary Clinton's chief rival for the Democratic nomination, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, said that as president he would crack down on corporate loopholes and tax savings, particularly those involving offshore transactions.
``There's a building in the Cayman Islands that houses, supposedly, 12,000 U.S.-based corporations,'' Obama said. ``That's either the biggest building in the world or the biggest tax scam in the world. And I think we know which one it is.''
Not Deferred
Roth said U.S. law makes it difficult for Americans to avoid taxes on payments from offshore, though some hedge-fund managers use such entities to defer U.S. taxes on their compensation. A measure passed last week by the House would ban this practice. Obama, 46, was a Senate co-sponsor of the provision when it was introduced in February.
Carson said Bill Clinton's payments from Yucaipa aren't deferred and the former president pays tax on that income in the year in which it is earned.
Steven Howard, a partner at Thacher Proffitt & Wood LLP in New York who advises investment firms, said private-equity firms such as Yucaipa often compensate advisers with a stake in the company rather than salary. ``In Clinton's case, he may be allocated equity instead of significant cash for services rendered,'' Howard said.
Carson didn't respond to questions about whether Bill Clinton receives this form of compensation. Howard said equity allocations are taxed at the 15 percent capital-gains rate instead of as ordinary income, which is taxed at rates as high as 35 percent. He said the same benefit applies to so-called carried interest, a profit-sharing arrangement used by fund managers that Hillary Clinton and other Democrats have criticized and vow to curb.
Difficult to Assess
The realized value of Clinton's holdings in Yucaipa hasn't been disclosed and such stakes are typically difficult to assess until they are disbursed. Funds such as Yucaipa are privately held and aren't normally required to disclose details to regulators.
Hillary Clinton's Senate financial-disclosure records only say that Bill Clinton's Yucaipa assets were valued at less than $2,002 in 2006, while he received between $1,202 and $3,500 in interest that year. In the 18 months between January 2006 and June 2007, the value of the assets grew to between $1,001 and $15,000, and Bill Clinton received between $6,002 and $17,500 in interest, according to financial records filed in connection with the senator's presidential candidacy.
Bill Clinton has also received ``over $1,000'' a year in ``guaranteed payments to partner'' from Yucaipa Global Holdings and a predecessor fund. The government forms don't require lawmakers to specify an exact amount for spouses.
Campaign Questions
Bloomberg's questions to the campaign involved the nature and amounts of his compensation from Yucaipa, why the holdings were listed as Los Angeles-based rather than Cayman Islands entities, and when Hillary Clinton became aware that the funds were offshore. Carson didn't address those questions. Yucaipa spokesman Frank Quintero referred all questions about the former president's role to the Clintons' spokespeople.
Bill Clinton's ties to Yucaipa have sparked controversy over the past year, including a September report in the Wall Street Journal that detailed how one of the former president's aides had helped arrange a partnership with Burkle that dissolved amid litigation over allegations of misused funds.
Fortress
The former president isn't the only person in the campaign with links to funds in the Cayman Islands. Former North Carolina Senator John Edwards, who is also seeking the Democratic nomination, was a senior adviser to Fortress Investment Group Inc., a New York-based private-equity and hedge-fund manager, and reported at least one asset, the Investments Fund III (Fund D) LP, that was incorporated in the Cayman Islands in 2004.
Edwards, who was the first candidate to criticize tax preferences for the private-equity industry, also pays taxes as if the money was earned in the U.S., spokesman Eric Schultz told the Washington Post in May. Schultz said Edwards, 54, ``believes offshore tax shelters are wrong'' and ``will end them'' if elected. The Edwards campaign didn't immediately respond to a request for comment today.
Separately, the Los Angeles Times reported today that former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, a Republican candidate, used shell companies in at least two offshore havens while running Bain Capital LLC, the Boston-based private-equity firm. Romney spokesman Kevin Madden told the Times there was nothing improper about the registration of funds in Bermuda and the Cayman Islands and that Romney didn't defer or avoid paying U.S. taxes. Madden didn't immediately respond to calls seeking comment today.
When he left the White House in 2000, Bill Clinton reported assets of more than $1 million and legal fees of more than $2.4 million. In his wife's most recent disclosure, Hillary Clinton reported that the couple now has a net worth estimated at between $17.4 million and $53.7 million.
Both now claim to be uneasy about their place among the richest Americans. This ``new experience,'' Hillary Clinton said during a debate Oct. 30, isn't ``one that makes us very comfortable.''
To contact the reporters on this story: Timothy J. Burger in Washington at mailto:Tburger2@; Ryan J. Donmoyer in Washington at mailto:rdonmoyer@. Last Updated: December 17, 2007 10:45 EST



Full text in: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601070&sid=aiQEVoQ5nt5E&refer=home

Monday, April 6, 2009

BBC News: British and Chinese tax havens excluded from G-20 list

Ministers have claimed that the Isle of Man has escaped being named on the G20 summit's blacklist of tax havens.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7981492.stm






he leaders of the G20 agreed to crackdown on tax havens. Now the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development has published a list of countries not complying with international standards. The move has caused an uproar among some of the world's most powerful nations.
Richard Scott reports.



Switzerland eases bank secrecy


Switzerland, the world's largest offshore financial centre, has agreed to accept concessions on bank secrecy.

It is estimated that Switzerland's banks hold $2 trillion (£1.4tn) of global wealth held abroad.



Tax evasion change
The Swiss government confirmed that in line with OECD rules, it would now respond to overseas requests for information in cases of suspected tax evasion, and not just tax fraud.
WHAT IS A TAX HAVEN?
Low or no taxation
Lack of transparency
Refusal to provide information to foreign tax authorities
Andorra, Liechtenstein, and Monaco classed as "uncooperative tax havens"
Source: OECD
The main difference between tax evasion and tax fraud is that the former is the deliberate concealing of assets, while the later also involves lying on official documentation.
Unlike most countries, tax evasion is a civil offence in Switzerland. Only tax fraud is a criminal matter.



Full text in http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7941717.stm



Switzerland has agreed to accept concessions on bank secrecy and will now abide by international rules on bank data sharing but the Swiss government said it would only respond to "concrete and justified" requests.
Switzerland, which is the world's largest offshore financial centre, had risked being added to a global blacklist of uncooperative tax havens.
The Chancellor Alistair Darling told the BBC that the change was a "major move" for Switzerland.

Video http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7942955.stm

Friday, April 3, 2009

Panama stays out of list of non-cooperative centers


Following G20 OECD delivers on tax pledge

02/04/2009 - Following the G20 meeting and communiqué , the OECD Secretariat has provided a detailed report on progress by financial centres around the world towards implementation of an internationally agreed standard on exchange of information for tax purposes. The report available here consists of four parts:
• jurisdictions that have substantially implemented the internationally agreed tax standard.
• tax havens that have committed to the internationally agreed tax standard but have not yet substantially implemented it.
• other financial centres that have committed to the internationally agreed tax standard but have not yet substantially implemented it.
• jurisdictions that have not committed to implement the internationally agreed tax standard.
Welcoming the outcome of the G20 meeting, OECD Secretary General Angel Gurria said “recent developments reinforce the status of the OECD standard as the international benchmark and represent significant steps towards a level playing field. We now have an ambitious agenda, that the OECD is well placed to deliver on. I am confident that we can turn these new commitments into concrete actions to strengthen the integrity and transparency of the financial system”.

OECD’s Future Challenges:
1. Achieving a rapid and effective implementation of standard: Many of these commitments will require legislative changes and the negotiation of specific bilateral agreements in order to become effective, and the OECD stands ready to assist jurisdictions in their implementation.
2. Speeding up the negotiations of tax information exchange agreements (TIEAs). Small tax havens lack the resources to enter into negotiations with a large number of countries. The OECD’s 2002 Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters sets out an option for multilateral rather than bilateral TIEAs that the OECD intends to explore over the coming weeks. The OECD is also examining how the Nordic experience of multilateral negotiations leading to simultaneous bilateral agreements could be adopted more widely.
3. Extending the scope and role of the OECD’s action: The OECD Global Forum currently encompasses more than 80 jurisdications and carries out self reviews and peer reviews to assess progress in implementation of the standard.The time has now come to re-examine the membership, the architecture and the role of the Global Forum in setting standards and evaluating progress. The Global Forum will undertake more robust reviews, to strengthen the implementation of the standard.

Full text in http://www.oecd.org/document/57/0,3343,en_2649_34487_42496569_1_1_1_1,00.html



A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE JURISDICTIONS SURVEYED BY THE OECD GLOBAL FORUM IN IMPLEMENTING THE INTERNATIONALLY AGREED TAX STANDARD1

Progress made as at 2nd April 2009

Jurisdictions that have committed to the internationally agreed tax standard, but have not yet substantially implemented

Jurisdiction Year of Commitment Number of Agreements
Panama 2002 (0)

Jurisdictions that have not committed to the internationally agreed tax standard
Jurisdiction Number of Agreements
Costa Rica Malaysia (Labuan) Philippines Uruguay (0)



DECLARATION ON STRENGTHENING THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM – LONDON, 2 APRIL 2009

Tax havens and non-cooperative jurisdictions
It is essential to protect public finances and international standards against the risks posed by non-cooperative jurisdictions. We call on all jurisdictions to adhere to the international standards in the prudential, tax, and AML/CFT areas. To this end, we call on the appropriate bodies to conduct and strengthen objective peer reviews, based on existing processes, including through the FSAP process.

We call on countries to adopt the international standard for information exchange endorsed by the G20 in 2004 and reflected in the UN Model Tax Convention. We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of information. We welcome the new commitments made by a number of jurisdictions and encourage them to proceed swiftly with implementation.

We stand ready to take agreed action against those jurisdictions which do not meet international standards in relation to tax transparency. To this end we have agreed to develop a toolbox of effective counter measures for countries to consider, such as:
• increased disclosure requirements on the part of taxpayers and financial institutions to report transactions involving non-cooperative jurisdictions;
• withholding taxes in respect of a wide variety of payments;
• denying deductions in respect of expense payments to payees resident in a non-cooperative jurisdiction;
• reviewing tax treaty policy;
• asking international institutions and regional development banks to review their investment policies; and,
• giving extra weight to the principles of tax transparency and information exchange when designing bilateral aid programs.
We also agreed that consideration should be given to further options relating to financial relations with these jurisdictions We are committed to developing proposals, by end 2009, to make it easier for developing countries to secure the benefits of a new cooperative tax environment.
We are also committed to strengthened adherence to international prudential regulatory and supervisory standards. The IMF and the FSB in cooperation with international standard-setters will provide an assessment of implementation by relevant jurisdictions, building on existing FSAPs where they exist. We call on the FSB to develop a toolbox of measures to promote adherence to prudential standards and cooperation with jurisdictions.
We agreed that the FATF should revise and reinvigorate the review process for assessing compliance by jurisdictions with AML/CFT standards, using agreed evaluation reports where available.
We call upon the FSB and the FATF to report to the next G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors’ meeting on adoption and implementation by countries.
Full text in http://www.g20.org/Documents/Fin_Deps_Fin_Reg_Annex_020409_-_1615_final.pdf




London Summit – Leaders’ Statement
2 April 2009
1. We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009.

15. To this end we are implementing the Action Plan agreed at our last meeting, as set out in the attached progress report. We have today also issued a Declaration, Strengthening the Financial System. In particular we agree:

• to take action against non-cooperative jurisdictions, including tax havens. We stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems. The era of banking secrecy is over. We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information;

Full text in http://www.g20.org/Documents/g20_communique_020409.pdf



Sources: Obama Plays Peacemaker in French-Chinese Smackdown Over Tax Havens
April 02, 2009 11:15 AM

Huma Khan-->
According to sources inside the room, President Obama just played peacemaker in a spat between French President Nicolas Sarkozy and Hu Jintao, President of the People's Republic of China.
In the finaly plenary session among the G-20 leaders, Sarkozy and Hu were having a heated disagreement about tax havens.
France and other European nations have been pushing for rules and regulations to apply to various tax havens;
Germany's Finance Minister Peer Steinbrueck has said "these tax havens are also places where unregulated financial market deals are made."
But Chinese leaders fear a crackdown would hurt banking centers in Macao, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Other countries agree, though they are less outspoken publicly.
The exchange between Sarkozy and Hu got so heated, said a source -- who is not a member of the Obama administration -- it was threatening the unity of the G-20 leaders' meeting.
"They were going through the revised draft," a senior Obama administration official said.
The issue: Sarko wanted "a list of non-compliant jurisdictions," tones that allow tax havens, he senior official said. "Other countries wanted it too, but (Sarkozy) was the most outspoken."
Sarkozy specifically was pushing for a list from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to be included in the G-20 Leaders' Statement.
Headquartered in Paris, the OECD has
30 member countries -- all capitalist democracies.
China opposed any such list being included in the final Leaders' Statement.
"China tends to have a problem endorsing the documents of organizations like the OECD that they're not a party to," the senior administration official said.
But Mr. Obama, according to this account, stepped between the two men, urging them to try to find consensus, and giving them a "pep talk" about the importance of working together.
The senior adminstration official said that Mr. Obama pulled Mr. Sarkozy aside, took him to a corner, "and discussed possible alternatives," the senior official said.
Once they arrived at one, President Obama "sent a message to the Chinese" that a counter-offer was on the table. The Chinese spent some time considering the offer. But they took a few minutes.
So Mr. Obama, with the assistance of translators, suggested that he and Mr. Hu have a conversation as well. They, too went to the corner to talk. After a few minutes, Mr. Obama called upon Mr. Sarkozy to join them.
"Translators and sherpas in tow, they reached an agreement," the official said. "There was a multiple shaking of hands."
The agreement: the final G-20 document would state that the G-20 nations "stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems. The era of banking secrecy is over. We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information."
The Obama administration official described this compromise as a "meeting in the middle." The word "note" -- as in "we note the OECD has today published a list" -- doesn't necessarily carry any weight.
Moreover, any sanctions are "future-oriented," the senior official said, meaning there are as of now no actual sanctions.
The OECD also has yet to publish any such list, though Obama adminstration officials said the organization would do so today.
Soon after Mr. Obama helped to resolve the problem, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced that "we have agreed to tough standards for those (tax shelters) who don't come into line in the future," which seems to overstate the case.
"I'd suggest we'd still be in there had he not done this," the senior Obama administration official said.
-- jpt

Panama case leads to lawsuit in Boulder court






Panama case leads to lawsuit in Boulder court
Suit: Ex-business partner falsely kept man in 'hellish' prison
By Ryan Morgan (Contact)




Friday, January 18, 2008
Photo by Joshua Lawton
Bobby Hammond, of Lafayette, spent six months in a Panama jail after a business partner had him arrested.



A Boulder man who spent six months in a Panamanian prison has sued his former business partner, a Marshall woman who had him imprisoned when a land-development deal went south in 2006.
Robert Hammond and his girlfriend, Tamara Pace, are seeking unspecified damages against Kim Opler. The suit alleges Opler used Panama's corrupt legal system to keep Hammond in prison over what should have been a civil matter -- and that she knew the charges against him weren't true.
Opler didn't return a call seeking comment Thursday.
Hammond's legal problems stemmed from a partnership he formed with Pace and Opler to develop properties in Bocas del Toro, a booming beach community near Panama's border with Costa Rica. The partnership between the couple and Opler soured, and Opler told the Camera in 2006 that Hammond and Pace stonewalled her attempts to recover the money she'd invested in several properties.
In early January 2006, Hammond was thrown into prison. He wouldn't be released until July of that year. At the time, Opler said Hammond hadstolen her property and needed to cooperate.
"It's a bummer, isn't it?" she said. "But what you need to know is that this is not just something where for no reason, out of the blue, this is happening to him, and he's sitting there suffering for no reason."
But Hammond and Pace said no charges were ever brought against him. He was eventually released and allowed to return home.
The six months he spent in a hellish prison were devastating to his physical and mental well-being, Hammond said Thursday. He slipped and fell in the shower early in his incarceration, breaking his collarbone. He said he never received proper medical treatment, and the pain continues today.
"I can't sleep on my right side," he said. "With my shoulder the way it is, I can't stop thinking about it."
The lawsuit -- filed this week in Boulder County District Court -- contends that at the maximum-security prison where he stayed, Hammond was "housed with convicted killers and persons associated with the cartel drug lords." The prison has been criticized in U.S. State Department reports that said prisoners face unduly harsh conditions, including water shortages.
Hammond said he had to fight for basic necessities at the prison such as food, water and a bunk to sleep in.
"I wouldn't want anyone to end up there," he said. "It's the most inhumane situation I've ever seen -- much less had to live through."
Hammond's girlfriend was also detained briefly and later released. Pace spent the next year campaigning for Hammond's release from prison and later to have him taken off of house arrest. She said deciding to sue wasn't easy, but she and Hammond need justice.
"I think Bobby needs some vindication," she said. "His reputation is damaged all over town, people are wondering if he really stole a million dollars. And he wants people to know that he didn't."



--- In Panama_laws_for_expats@yahoogroups.com, "likitikitoo" wrote:
Mon Jan 30, 2006 2:40 am
My self and my boyfriend were arrested last week by PTJ in our home. This
was over a business dispute that at most should have been a civil case. My
Boyfriend, Bobby Hammond, as well as myself were charged with Aggravated
Fraud. I was released with all charges dropped after 32 hours. Bobby was
working with a Boulder Colorado resident, Kim Opler for the last three years
purchasing and developing properties in Bocas. They never had a contract
and there is disagreement about comissions. Until the disagreement was
settled the titles, which were in Bobby's name, were not signed over to Ms.
Opler as she requested. In Ms. Opler's statement her attorney, Nelson
Carreyo, stated that he attempted to reach Bobby about this and couldn't. We
were never presented with any documents to sign.
Previously, we had received threats, both in Panama and Colorado, from her
partner, Dana Gaffin who already has a record in North Carolina for
Harrassing Communications as well as Violence Against Women. He had
also broke into our home in Bocas, stole our private property
to use as his own and threatened our employees.

Bobby is now in a maximum security facility with deplorable conditions. I am
asking for help from anyone in any form. This is not a criminal matter, much
less punishable by imprisonment. There has been no hearing date set. There
has been no bond amount set. Our embassy, which was very helpful in
securing my release has not helped with Bobby's case. Going over the names
on this list, many of you know Bobby and me. I hope you also know that there
is no way we could be guilty of this. If you have any suggestion please write or
call my cell, 011 507 XXXX. Thanks, Tammy Pace.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Panama_laws_for_expats/message/906



Jailed over a contract dispute: Bobby Hammond's and Tammy Pace's story

Thursday, April 2, 2009

Economist: The G20 and tax - Haven hypocrisy

http://www.economist.com/finance/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13382279

Finance and economics

The G20 and tax

Haven hypocrisy

Mar 26th 2009 | BERLIN
From The Economist print edition

Big economies are leaning on offshore tax havens. But greater abuse may be taking place at home


MONEY launderers are moved by greed, unlike Jason Sharman, a political scientist at Australia’s Griffith University. Yet with a budget of $10,000 and little more than Google (and the ads at the back of this paper), he showed how easy it was to circumvent prohibitions on banking secrecy, forming anonymous shell companies and secret bank accounts across the world. In doing so he has uncovered an uncomfortable truth for many of the leaders of Group of 20 nations meeting on April 2nd to discuss, among other things, sanctions against offshore tax havens. The most egregious examples of banking secrecy, money laundering and tax fraud are found not in remote alpine valleys or on sunny tropical isles but in the backyards of the world’s biggest economies.

Panoramic Images Wyoming, the Switzerland of the Rocky Mountains

At issue is not banking secrecy as the Swiss once knew it, where discreet men in plush offices promised to take the names of their clients to the grave. This is a more insidious form of secrecy, in which authorities and bankers do not bother to ask for names, something long outlawed in offshore tax centres such as Jersey and Switzerland but which has persisted in America. For shady clients, this is a far better proposition: what their bankers do not know, they can never be forced to reveal. And their method is disarmingly simple. Instead of opening bank accounts in their own names, fraudsters and money launderers form anonymous companies, with which they can then open bank accounts and move assets.

Nowhere is this more prevalent than in America. Take Nevada, for example. Its official website touts its “limited reporting and disclosure requirements” and a speedy one-hour incorporation service. Nevada does not ask for the names of company shareholders, nor does it routinely share the little information it has with the federal government.

There is demand for this ask-no-questions approach. The state, with a population of only 2.6m, incorporates about 80,000 new firms a year and now has more than 400,000, roughly one for every six people. A study by the Internal Revenue Service found that 50-90% of those registering companies were already in breach of federal tax laws elsewhere.

A money-laundering threat assessment in 2005 by the federal government found that corporate anonymity offered by Delaware, Nevada and Wyoming rivalled that of familiar offshore financial centres. For foreigners, America is a particularly attractive place to stash cash, because it does not tax the interest income they earn. Thus with both anonymity and no taxation, America offers them all the elements of a tax haven.

Change may be coming in America, but slowly. In March Senator Carl Levin proposed a law forcing states to identify the beneficial owners of corporations. “For too long, criminals have misused US corporations to hide illicit activity, including money laundering and tax fraud,” said Mr Levin. “It doesn’t make sense that less information is required to form a US corporation than to obtain a driver’s licence.”

Yet a similar bill introduced last year died a quiet death in committee.

America is not the only rich nation Mr Sharman tested. He tried to open anonymous shell companies and bank accounts 45 times across the world. These were successful in 17 cases, of which 13 were in OECD countries. One example was Britain, where in 45 minutes on the internet he formed a company without providing identification, was issued with bearer shares (which have been almost universally outlawed because they confer completely anonymous ownership) as well as nominee directors and a secretary. All was achieved at a cost of £515.95 ($753).

In other cases Mr Sharman formed companies by providing no more than a scanned copy of his driving licence. In contrast, when trying to open accounts in Bermuda and Switzerland, he was asked for documentation such as notarised copies of his birth certificate. “In practice OECD countries have much laxer regulation on shell corporations than classic tax havens,” Mr Sharman concludes. “And the US is the worst on this score, worse than Liechtenstein and worse than Somalia.”


Back to top ^^

Readers' comments

The Economist welcomes your views.


Dirk Gently wrote:

April 2, 2009 8:06

The article seems to provide useful tips for anyone wanting to hide wealth. I only wish I were wealthy enough to take advantage of it!

However, some comments here have suggested that the article is misleading and that the USA (for example) is less of a tax haven than it implies. I don't know the truth of the matter, but I suppose we shouldn't believe everything we read, even in The Economist.

danwun wrote:

April 1, 2009 17:29

I just found proof of the UK tax hypocrisy. Right on the Economist's main page, right at the bottom of classified ads, there is this link:

http://www.scfgroup.com/

Offshore & UK Companies
Wealth Protection
Confidential Banking
Trusts and Foundations
By UK lawyers and Accountants

Again, outrage over so much lies and hypocrisy! But don't worry UK and US, it will be your turn to be the scapegoats soon! I really cannot believe this, it's absolutely outrageous! No wonder the US and UK could cheat the world into the Irak war, just keeping telling lies without blushing.

Petlura wrote:

April 1, 2009 8:13

Dear Geri964 - Maybe the US can find the US$300 bln leakage by overhauling the tax system. Simple and lower taxes is a great incentive to compliance. The second thing is using those tax US$s wisely and not on a vendetta war. There you go, I found your US$300 bln.

danwun wrote:

April 1, 2009 5:15

Congratulations, Economist! Once again, we can see which magazines and newspapers offer quality journalism. And which ones just aggravate the scapegoat spiel of the OECD. The Financial Times is a very bad example of the latter.

As a Swiss, I both feel deeply shocked by what sort of criminal bankers our bank secrecy managed to cover. It was really hard to believe, we feel deeply ashamed. Frankly, I am also outraged, however, by the hypocritical bashing of non-G20-"tax havens". A lot of people in Switzerland, Austria and other so-called tax havens see the global crackdown on tax havens as just a forceful way of financial protectionism, chiefly by the US and the UK. I'm sure other people in other nations realize this, too. E.g. the German magazine Spiegel had an article on UK tax haven hypocrisy, too.

poiu qwer wrote:

March 31, 2009 23:40

I hope honourable delegates at the G20 summit will read this article and analyze their own shortcomings. It is much harder to clean up at home than bashing so called tax heavens. Probably populism will prevail.

Geri964 wrote:

March 31, 2009 19:33

"G-20 Summit by Jonathan Weisman, Wall Street Journal: U.S. officials preparing for the group of 20 economic summit on Thursday in London are playing down fiscal-stimulus targets and focusing on objectives such as new rules for TAX HAVENS and coordination of financial regulation."
Financial resources are limited and when too much is siphoned off due to income tax evasion (U.S. alone $300 billion) and stashed away in offshore tax havens, the entire economic system collapses. Economic disparities and imbalances do count because all resources, including financial ones, are limited.
The only way to get the worldwide economy going again is to collect all of the back taxes and penalties and get this money back into circulation. There is no other way.
If Switzerland is doing nothing wrong, then they should having nothing to hide and be willing to disclose banking information. It is Switzerland's own fault that they have been designated as a tax haven for many decades. If they didn't want to be designated as a tax haven, then they should never have engaged in tax haven activities.

sammy yuka wrote:

March 31, 2009 10:44

The USA cannot bow to the wishes of the EU and their high tax regimes. the reason why they want the Swiss banks out of the picture is so they can raise taxes. Soon, we will follow. Those rich people would gladly pay some taxes. But not when the taxes are spent by a bunch of liberal baffoons.
The other banks in the world should emulate the Swiss, not try to destroy them. If all countries were "tax havens", the citizens would keep their money at home.
All these high tax liberal socialist countries would rather destroy the Swiss banks than to COMPETE with them. What happened to the US competitive spirit. Our desire to be competitive has been the reason why we are so great. Let's COMPETE with the Swiss. Let's have an incentive for our US citizens to keep their money in the USA. Let's beat the Swiss at their own game.
Senator Levin spent years trying to force the Swiss to give up the names of US citizens that have accounts at Swiss banks. If he would have spent all that time and our taxpayer money finding ways to COMPETE with them, we wouldn't be talking about it today .And besides that, let the USA once and for
all quit meddling in the affairs of another country.
If the Swiss have no privacy, look for a WORLD WIDE SURGE IN TAXES

Danila_FTC wrote:

March 30, 2009 7:28

BankingITGuru wrote: "Money from poor countries is hashed away in swiss banks which are deploying that money in the developed world thus funding credit and growth".
It is partly rightly, of course, especially for money of individuals. But don't forget that in vast majority of cases hidden and washed money returns back to developing countries in a view of foreign investments. In relation of corporation in emerging country and not just, final beneficiary in either case is not offshore-based holding company, but shareholders in country of operating.
Moreover, tax evasion and so-called "tax avoidance" (agressive tax planning's shemes) are different terms.

BankingITGuru wrote:

March 30, 2009 4:30

Tax evasion is the value proposition of these havens for developed economies only. For the third and under developed world's rich, the proposition is 'hiding away' ill-gotten money.

There is an urgent need to unlock these depositors to ensure the developmental plans of world bodies and governments are effectively applied.It is so painful to realise that money swindled by the exploitative rich of the 3rd world (that is sorely needed for the developing world) is in the coffers of a few swiss banks.

It is all a wonderful cycle. Money from poor countries is hashed away in swiss banks which are deploying that money in the developed world thus funding credit and growth. (One cant expect the cash to be in lockers). Poor countries then 'borrow' from IMF etc. Its a bit quirky to know who is funding whom.

It is high time that something is done about this.

Danila_FTC wrote:

March 29, 2009 20:47

I don't think it is a best time to tussle with an offshores in the current economic climate. In either case, it will not give short-term effect for both G20 countries' budgets and companies. Even vice versa: when many companies are looking for any ways for cost reduction, maybe, efficiency of tax structure can be a top-of-the-table point which will allow it to stay alive? It should be in spotlight to improve transparency and attractiveness of your own tax system. But internal offshores are separate theme, of course.

jterry wrote:

March 29, 2009 19:29

Finally Bermuda is getting some good press for its status as a tax haven. T

jterry wrote:

March 29, 2009 19:29

Finally Bermuda is getting some good press for its status as a tax haven. T

bornhoaxer wrote:

March 29, 2009 18:34

this can be a wake up call for everyone concerned in the rich developed world....it is indeed surprising to know the shockingly low level of scrutiny that is exercised in the opening up of companies.....

nino01 wrote:

March 29, 2009 1:28

It is a simple law of arithmetics. Hiding 100 millions dollars in a large economy like the USA , and moving it around should be more easy that in Lichtenstein, where the day you make such a deposit , the whole town will know.
The story of tax heavens have been popularized by the film industry . Sure there have been famous cases like dictator Marco from the Phillipines, but I doubt that tax heavens are used by the drug mafias of the world.
I think that law enforcements just do not know. As usual the criminal gangs are a few steps ahead of the law.

Scott Free wrote:

March 28, 2009 18:39

This article is interesting but misleading. These US States offer easy and economical company incorporation in line with that of tax havens. However to avoid USA controls and taxation they tend to have bank accounts offshore and are managed outside of the USA (normally from a tax haven). It is the offshore tax haven that is the operational arm of these corporations. Only the registered office remains in the US State.

Davesh wrote:

March 28, 2009 13:11

The author has rightly pointed out the double speak on the issue.as a bigger country/economy first they should clean their backyards before preaching others. Yes there should not be any place called tax heaven. Also ther should be standard procedure to be followed by all financial institutes in the world regarding customers. yes, we can not move in haste but with a resonable time frame to adopt those standard procedure. World is in a great financial mess .we have to work towards new financial order for the world..

M.L.Jones wrote:

March 27, 2009 20:11

As the former owner of a Delaware company, I am a little puzzled on how one can hide money from taxation without violating various US tax laws - perhaps lax enforcement is the real issue. In order to open a bank account, I needed a corporate tax id. While this could be done over a lawyers name, once the id number is issued, the corporation itself must pay income tax on any income, or if an S corp provide reports to the IRS on who got the income so that they can be taxed.

t309494 wrote:

March 27, 2009 17:22

Very interesting:Mr Obama and his fellow Sen Levin need a lot of nerve to denounce Switzerland es a tax havens in front of the G 20 without looking behind their back the mist in their country.

Petlura wrote:

March 27, 2009 7:13

The hypocrisy of all gov'ts targeting tax havens is appalling!! If their tax systems were fair in the first place and most citizens believed in the way the money was being spent, there would be no need for tax havens. God help us all if gov'ts ever succeed in eliminating tax havens. Then they will have a free hand in taxing us al the way to the moon and back!!

paul mason wrote:

March 27, 2009 6:40

So is the Economist going to knock back those ads in future? It would be a tad hypocritical not to.